2FACE: Bi-Directional Face Traversal for Efficient Geometric Routing

We propose bi-directional face traversal algorithm 2FACE to shorten the path the message takes to reach the destination in geometric routing. Our algorithm combines the practicality of the best singledirection traversal algorithms with the worst case message complexity of O(|E|), where E is the number of network edges. We apply 2FACE to a variety of geometric routing algorithms. Our simulation results indicate that bi-directional face traversal decreases the latency of message delivery two to three times compared to single direction face traversal. The thus selected path approaches the shortest possible route. This gain in speed comes with a similar message overhead increase. We describe an algorithm which compensates for this message overhead by recording the preferable face traversal direction. Thus, if a source has several messages to send to the destination, the subsequent messages follow the shortest route. Our simulation results show that with most geometric routing algorithms the message overhead of finding the short route by bi-directional face traversal is compensated within two to four repeat This author was supported in part by DARPA contract OSU-RF #F33615-01-C-1901 and by NSF CAREER Award